1/1/2024 0 Comments Kodi tvold version![]() Rule "Print Song,Artist,Station and/or Title" when Item KodiLiving_Title changed or Item KodiLiving_Station changed or Item KodiLiving_Artist changed then if(KodiLiving_Type.state. I want to get the Station, followed by the Artist / Song Name. Here is a quick look: Amazon FireStick (and Fire TV devices) Whether you are using FireStick, Fire TV Stick 4K, or any other Fire TV device, you can download and install the Kodi Nexus within minutes. Now only the Radio Station is not configured Properly. The latest 20.2 version of Kodi can be installed on all devices that support Kodi 20.1 Nexus and older versions. Old Kodi versions download v18.4 Kodi 64-bit Windows Installer. However, as for all software installations, back up your userdata beforehand if you've any doubts or have anything you can't afford to lose.Thanks, i managed to get the Information i want by using a rule. The Kodi team said in a blog post, "there are no major changes since the previous version, and you should be fine to install this straight over the top of any existing Kodi 20.x installation - indeed, this will happen automatically on many platforms. Kodi has brought back some keyboard shortcuts for the Favorites window, fixed some problems with context menus and subtitles, and improved the built-in UPnP server. There are some improvements for all platforms, though. The latest update might benefit Android devices the most, with a new algorithm to detect and fix common audio issues, and several fixes for Kodi's Python libraries. There are no new features this time around, as the Kodi team focused exclusively on bug fixes and more improvements. ![]() The latest 20.1 update is smaller in comparison, but still a worthwhile upgrade for anyone already running 20.0. To get started, simply select the platform that you want to install it on. Click Yes when the warning message pops up. Launch the Downloader App and click on Settings and click on Enable Javascript. Launch the Amazon Appstore and search for the app Downloader and install this onto your device. We provide final as well as development builds for future final release versions. If you have the old interface, this is found through Settings > System > Developer options. For each platform, we offer a stable and development release (s). Select Your Platform Kodi has many flavours, our developers have worked hard to make it support a large range of devices and operating system. ![]() A small overview of the features can be found on our about page. Download Kodi - Old Versions APK - All Versions - Mobile App for Android. Get now 77 off on the best VPN for Kodi Once activated, the VPN encrypts your Web traffic and makes it anonymous keeping it away from your ISP’s prying eyes. Kodi 20.0, nicknamed "Nexus," was a significant rewrite to improve stability and performance, with a few interface and codec updates on top. Kodi is available as a native application for Android, Linux, Mac OS X, iOS and Windows operating systems, running on most common processor architectures. Be it Incursion add-ons, Gaia, Neptune Rising, Placenta or Sparkle, a VPN will not only help you unblock it but also keep your identity and privacy safe at all times.
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1/1/2024 0 Comments Mass of falcon 9“And that makes it a very capable spacecraft because we can take all the spacecraft’s energy and put it where it’s needed on a moment-by-moment basis.” The Inmarsat 6 F2 spacecraft encapsulated inside the payload fairing of a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket at Cape Canaveral. “It’s an incredibly advanced signal processor that’s capable of forming beams on the Earth and moving them around in real-time, creating channels as we need them, moving the spacecraft’s power to where it’s required on the face of the Earth,” Hadinger told Spaceflight Now in a pre-launch interview. “It is one of the world’s largest spacecraft in terms of weight and power, but inside of it, I think the thing that makes it unique is all the signal processing that goes on,” said Peter Hadinger, Inmarsat’s chief technology officer. The Inmarsat 6 F2 spacecraft weighed 12,048 pounds (5,465 kilograms) at launch, with more than a ton of that mass consisting of xenon gas to fuel the satellite’s electric propulsion system, according to a company spokesperson. Liftoff of a Falcon 9 rocket from Cape Canaveral on SpaceX’s second launch of the day, carrying an Inmarsat mobile communications satellite to geostationary transfer orbit. ![]() With a solar array wingspan as wide as a Boeing 767 jetliner and a body the size of a double-decker bus, the Inmarsat 6 F2 spacecraft will be parked in geostationary orbit more than 22,000 miles (nearly 36,000 kilometers) over the Earth, using a dual-band communications payload provide in-flight WiFi on aircraft, broadband services to ships, and connectivity for U.S. The plasma thrusters are positioned on the ends of articulating robotic arms, providing precise pointing as the satellite circularizes its orbit and moves from an inclination of 27 degrees - the drop-off orbit SpaceX will reach with the Falcon 9 - to a position directly over the equator. Then the satellite will continue reshaping its orbit using the electric propulsion system, which is lighter and more efficient than conventional liquid-fueled maneuvering rockets. ![]() Once the satellite’s thrusters move the perigee, or low point, of its orbit safely above the atmosphere, ground teams will send commands to a full deployment of the solar arrays and the unfurling of a large 30-foot (9-meter) umbrella-like L-band antenna reflector next week. Now safely in orbit, the satellite will begin a series of health checks and a partial deployment of its power-generating solar arrays. The Inmarsat 6 F2 spacecraft, based on Airbus’s Eurostar 3000e satellite platform, checked in with ground controllers soon after separating from the Falcon 9 rocket. Credit: Michael Cain / Spaceflight Now / Coldlife Photography SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket lifts off with the Inmarsat 6 F2 communications satellite. The first stage of the Falcon 9, flying for the third time, returned to Earth for landing on a drone ship east of Cape Canaveral in the Atlantic Ocean about eight-and-a-half minutes after launch. The rocket’s upper stage released the Inmarsat 6 F2 satellite into orbit about 32 minutes after liftoff, following two picture perfect engine firings with its single Merlin engine. The Falcon 9’s nine Merlin engines, generating 1.7 million pounds of thrust, powered the 229-foot-tall (70-meter) launcher east from Cape Canaveral to deliver Inmarsat’s new communications satellite into an elongated geostationary transfer orbit stretching more than 20,000 miles (more than 34,000 kilometers) above Earth at its highest point, and as low as 155 miles (250 kilometers) at the point closest to Earth. EST (0359 GMT Saturday), less than nine hours after a Falcon 9 rocket took off from Vandenberg Space Force Base in California. ![]() The Friday night launch from Cape Canaveral began at 10:59 p.m. SpaceX completed a launch doubleheader Friday night with the liftoff of a Falcon 9 rocket from Cape Canaveral carrying a dual-band, six-ton mobile communications relay station for London-based Inmarsat, hours after launching another Falcon 9 from California with a batch of Starlink internet satellites. 1/1/2024 0 Comments Nottingham castle history1140 – During the Anarchy between King Stephen and the Empress Matilda, Nottingham was captured and burnt by Ralph Paganell.1102 – Lenton Priory is founded by William Peverel.1086 – "Snotingeham" is referenced in the Doomsday book.1067 – The first wooden motte and bailey Nottingham Castle built by William Peverel on Castle Rock, in the new French borough (to the west of the Saxon borough).1013 – The town submitted to Sweyn Forkbeard.941 – The town was retaken from the Danes by Saxons under Edmund.924 – The town was further fortified on its south side but this did not prevent its recapture by the Danes shortly afterwards.920 – Edward the Elder built fortifications on the south bank of the Trent along with a wooden bridge in an attempt to prevent access by the Danes.His use of the old Brythonic language suggests that the settlement could likely have been named as such by the Celtic Britons who inhabited the area prior to the Anglo-Saxon invasion. This translates as "cavey dwelling", probably in reference to the innumerable ancient cave houses dug out of the sandstone bedrock which the city stands on. 893 – In "The Life of King Alfred", Asser, a Welsh monk and cleric records the settlement as "Tig Guocabauc" in Old Brythonic.After negotiations the Danes returned North. 868 – King of Wessex, Aethelred I, and his brother (later to be known as Alfred the Great) arrive at Nottingham with their armies following a request from their brother-in-law Burgred of Mercia. ![]()
1/1/2024 0 Comments Require login lastpass![]() In the Master Password field, enter a master password. Users taking full advantage of LastPass don't even know their own passwords to these services, as LastPass stores and auto-fills them.Īdditionally, LastPass Enterprise (and even the personal Premium version) is protected by Duo Two-Step Login, so even if your LastPass password is compromised, an attacker will still not be able to access your passwords. In the Email field, enter your personal email address (that you want to link to your LastPass account). Using unique passwords for each service is great security practice because if one service experiences a breach, you need not change dozens of other passwords. Tip: For Internet Explorer users, click the active LastPass icon, then go to. Click the LastPass browser icon, then go to Add item > Save All Entered Data at the bottom of the menu. Robust password management tools are a must-have, so learn how LastPass can protect. On the login page, fill in your credentials (username, email address, password, etc) but do not press login. Bottom Line: If you're still using a password like 123456, trouble is heading your way - and soon. It allows me to organize folders, share with others, and only memorizing one master password for all of those while keeping encryption. Go to the website whose login you need to force-save. It integrates well with all websites and allows me to keep secure encryption for all my personal and work-related accounts. As a security precaution, LastPass will routinely require users re-login to their accounts and. I like that LastPass is easy to use and intuitive. Using the same password, or many variants of one password, is a serious security issue in today's landscape. Multifactor Authentication helps to secure your LastPass account by requiring a unique code in addition to a password whenever you log in. These notifications alert the user of blocked or failed login attempts due to attempted login with an invalid email address and master password combination, or the user must otherwise verify that their device is trusted via email verification. The email from Last Pass is NOT COMMING to my mailbox or my spam. The primary benefit of using LastPass is the ability to use unique, randomly generated, passwords on each service. I followed the link and as you see below. The password generated, based on the user's parameters, is then checked. Parameters include password length, whether the password should be easy to say or read, and whether the password should have uppercase letters, lowercase letters, numbers, and symbols. Reboot and reinstall whatever you removed unless you only need. Your passwords are encrypted locally on your computer before they ever leave it, so neither LastPass nor Stony Brook have access to your passwords in human readable form, or any form which can be made human readable. The LastPass password generator creates random passwords based on parameters set by you. Suggest: Uninstall lastpass desktop or store app. No, it is far and away an enhancement to security. After 7-days trial period all Premium features will be limited. Try before you buy! You can now download the free 1-week typing course with all features. Over a few weeks you'll eliminate those pain points that slow you down - what an easy way to perfect your typing skills! When recurring problems are detected, TypingMeter suggests a quick training session with tailor-made lessons to hone those problem keys. The multilingual lessons are available for Qwerty, Qwertz and Azerty keyboards in English, Spanish, French, German, Dutch, Swedish, Finnish, Italian + Portuguese.Īdvanced TypingMeter statistics allow you to easily follow how much you have typed and how your typing speed progresses on a daily and weekly basis. While training TypingMaster detects your problematic fingers or keys that need extra practice and creates additional tailor made exercises for them. Play our fun typing games to see how far your typing skills will take you! While training TypingMaster detects your problematic fingers or keys that need extra practice and you can take additional exercises or games focusing to them. You can take 1-minute, 5-minute, 10-minute typing test. Premium version allows to add custom texts. You can measure your current typing speed and accuracy with advanced typing skill tests and print out a diploma. From time to time, the TypingMeter will pop up on the screen and suggest that you do a lesson focusing on your difficult letters and words. Whether writing an email or a report or chatting online, the TypingMeter records your typing stats, tracks and analyzes your writing patterns, and identifies the keys and words that repeatedly cause difficulties. With this unbeatable widget that you won't find in any other keyboarding software, you can track your writing habits and use the collected data in targeted training sessions. If you run away to type words you will lose the life. Type the word comes from top of the screen. With TypingMeter, our unique widget for tracking and analyzing your keyboarding when you work on your PC, you can keep on honing your writing skills long after finishing the touch-type lessons. Typing Master, Word/Text Battle, Word Connect, Word Cross, Word Search, Word Scrolling, Word Pair Game, Word Pearls. You can now download the free 1-week trial with all features. Thanks to this dynamic approach your new skill is ready for action after 3 to 5 hours of training. TypingMaster pinpoints your weak spots and eliminates them with personalized exercises. Training is adjusted to your personal progress every step of the way. ![]() As a result, your typing speed is likely to double - or even triple - and you will save hours and hours of valuable working time. It provides over 10 hours of customized exercises to guide you step by step to professional keyboarding. Thanks to syncing with Dropbox, you can share your work between Scrivener for iPhone and iPad and its big brother for Mac.TypingMaster is a touch typing tutor that adapts to your unique needs. When you're done, compile your project into a single document, and export it in formats like DOCX, rich text, PDF, and Final Draft. Keep your work segmented for easier organization and editing, and easily reorder your work so it all fits together in the best way possible. ![]() ![]() ![]() Import images, PDFs, and other media you've used as research to refer to it later, even bringing it in side-by-side with your text so you can quickly refer to your research while you're writing. Make a plan and organize your ideas on digital notecards and lay them out on the app's corkboard to see how your work fits together. The app supports writing all sorts of long-form documents and offers a number of granular formatting options no matter what you're working on. Scrivener brings all of your writing tools into a single app, whether you're organizing research notes for a paper or scene outlines for a script. 12/31/2023 0 Comments Bay area traffic schools![]() Use the hand-held device according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Do not use the hand-held device for anything else while you are using it to help you park, and do not put anyone in danger. When you use a hand-held device to help you to park, you MUST remain in control of the vehicle at all times. Then, you should move the vehicle into the parking space in the safest way, and by the shortest route possible. put all valuables out of sight and make sure your vehicle is secureīefore using a hand-held device to help you to park, you MUST make sure it is safe to do so.it is safer for your passengers (especially children) to get out of the vehicle on the side next to the kerb.You are then more likely to avoid causing injury to cyclists or motorcyclists passing you on the road, or to people on the pavement This will make you turn your head to look over your shoulder. where you are able to do so, you should open the door using your hand on the opposite side to the door you are opening for example, use your left hand to open a door on your right-hand side. ![]() Check for cyclists or other traffic by looking all around and using your mirrors you MUST ensure you do not hit anyone when you open your door.you MUST apply the handbrake before leaving the vehicle.you MUST switch off the engine, headlights and fog lights.do not stop too close to a vehicle displaying a Blue Badge: remember, the occupant may need more room to get in or out.do not park facing against the traffic flow.Use off-street parking areas, or bays marked out with white lines on the road as parking places, wherever possible. ![]() For example, you can look at pictures from 2012 by quickly scrolling backward in time in Moments view, but it may take longer than if you scrolled in Years or Collections view to find it. If you tap instead on the headers for Years, Collections, or Moments, you’ll open a map that displays groups of photos over the places where you took them tap the group to view those pictures in thumbnail view.Īs you go deeper into your photos timeline-drop from Years down to Collections, or from Collections to Moments-it offers you more-detailed ways to view groups of photos, but it doesn’t restrict you from viewing a group that’s outside the Moment you dropped into. If you don’t want to use a filter while you’re taking photos, you can apply those same filters when editing any image-including panoramas-through the Photos app there are no filter options for videos, though. Unfortunately, you can’t use live filters in Video or Pano mode. Once selected, the filter will stay in that camera mode until you disable it for example, you can set the Noir filter on Photo mode, switch to Square and shoot an unfiltered image, and then return to Photo mode, which remains set to Noir. ![]() (Live filters are currently only supported for the iPhone 5 or later or the fifth-generation iPod touch or later.)Ĭertain iOS devices let you apply live filters to your regular or square photos. ![]() Apply a filter, and the Filters icon changes from black-and-white to color, resembling an RGB color wheel. The first feature, Filters, lets you apply one of eight live filtering options to your images: Mono, Tonal, Noir, Fade, Chrome, Process, Transfer, or Instant. The Camera app largely borrows its new features from successful third-party apps, though Apple has done a nice job of implementing them and making them feel unique. Panoramas, too, have been improved your iPhone 5s will shoot them at 30 frames per second and automatically adjust for exposure as you pan through the scene. 12/31/2023 0 Comments Microsoft office suite priceBoth Microsoft and Google have millions of users with some ardent fans. So, which is better for your business - Microsoft 365 or G Suite?Ĭhoosing between these two-productivity tools is not easy since they both are remarkably similar. The wide range of third-party apps and extensions that g suite platform relates to makes it risky as users grant permissions. When it comes to Office 365 vs g suite security then clearly Microsoft is the winner! Simply because it uses Multi-Factor Authentication as compared with G Suite’s two-factor authentication. Verdict: Both Microsoft and Google use high standards of security and compliance and run neck to neck. (Formerly Office 365 Business Essentials) The following table provides a comparison of different subscription plans offered in Microsoft 365 and G Suite. So, rather than paying for just Office 365 you get a bundle of services that includes Office 365, operating system, and security tools. Microsoft has recently revised subscription plans of Office 365, which is now offered in Microsoft 365. G Suite vs Office 365 Comparison: Features & Apps Included in Price Plans ![]() Though, all the Microsoft 365 subscription plans give direct access to the web and mobile versions of your favorite apps. The Business Standard and Business Premium plans provide access to the desktop versions of popular tools like Outlook, Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Publisher, and Access. Microsoft offers subscription plans for Microsoft 365 for home, business, enterprise, and education. To avoid confusion, this guide includes Microsoft 365 pricing plans since Microsoft has recently replaced Office 365 plans with Microsoft 365 subscription plans. Microsoft 365 Pricing and Enterprise Licensing Since users can now use web-based G Suite apps in offline mode. In terms of functionality Google used to lag Microsoft’s desktop version of Office apps but the gap has been closed. G Suite offers three subscription levels ranging from $6-25 per user monthly as shown in the table above. G Suite vs Office 365 pricing main difference is at the enterprise-level plans as Microsoft requires customers to pay upfront for the year. However, both G Suite vs Office 365 offer subscription services to businesses and enterprises of all sizes. G Suite is the real alternative to Office 365 that also offers free versions of apps such as Google Docs, Google Sheets, and Google Slides. Microsoft’s apps are feature-rich providing the necessary tools for easy collaboration and communication to everyone in an enterprise.Ī Comparison of G Suite vs Office 365 Pricing Desktop versions of these apps are easy to navigate as mobile and web apps lack luster. Verdict: Based on features alone, Microsoft is a clear winner! Microsoft offers all three versions of its apps (desktop, web and mobile). Furthermore, it also comes with mobile device management, remote wipe, and custom email addresses for your domain. The Google Productivity suite adds enterprise-level, advanced features in the Google workspace including shared calendars, optional unlimited storage (Google drive), advanced admin controls, data migration tools. ![]() While it's true that these products are free for everyone but there is some difference between G Suite and free google apps. Google offers these apps and services to businesses, institutions, and nonprofits on a monthly subscription via different price plans. G Suite, formerly Google Apps, is a collection of Google products to streamline business operations. Our cherished tech giants are continuously evolving their productivity tools to keep up with business requirements. As businesses are shifting gears to remote work, easy collaboration and effective communication is the time of need. Millions of businesses rely on tools to run daily business operations for collaboration, internal and external communication, and documentation to say the least. G Suite vs Office 365 Comparison Chart of Features and Apps ![]() The home and education versions are not included in this guide. We will explore the features, applications, pricing, security and compliance of both Office 365 and g suite. This guide provides G Suite vs Office 365 comparison for businesses to ease your decision. So, when choosing between the two it all depends on your specific business needs. Deciding between G Suite vs Office 365 can be daunting since both have a lot in common. 12/31/2023 0 Comments For ios instal Downie 4![]() Sudo defaults write /Library/Preferences/ RestrictAccessToUserSession -bool false So I ran it again, prefacing the command with "sudo ": ![]() "Could not write domain /Library/Preferences/ exiting". I ran that command in Terminal, but it wasn't successful, and the result was: If you can provide the information, please do. I'm quite frustrated to have to report that. In going back through my browser history to compose this reply, I don't seem to be able to find the exact search result that included the suggestion to run that command. I eventually found a Terminal command to accomplish that action:ĭefaults write /Library/Preferences/ RestrictAccessToUserSession -bool false So I searched DuckDuckGo for "grant accessibility to AEServer macOS". That was enough to finish that part.īut figuring out how to add AEServer presented a more difficult problem because there doesn't appear to be file system object named "AEServer" or even containing "AEServer" as part of the name. ![]() I knew it shouldn't be any problem to add Safari to Accessibility, so I just unlocked the Security & Privacy prefpane (I'm using Mojave), and dragged the Safari application icon in there. I don't seem to be able to remember every detail or to reverse my steps adroitly enough to recover those details, so if you can fill in any gaps, you are most welcomed to do so. I seem to be smart enought to want stuff, but not smart enough to figure out how to get said stuff.Īfter reading your reply, I seem to have found a way to work around the problem I mentioned in my original post, so I'm going to try to describe how I arrived at the solution in case anybody else finds themselves in the same situation. Here's a problem I've had to deal with for my entire life. ![]() I'm old now, so there's not the slightest reason for me to try to cover up my inadequacies or to pretend I'm more capable than I am. I'm composing this for the 2nd time, because I somehow lost track of the first version of this reply. It's a little timesaver, but I've already gotten used to right-clicking on a video's URL to quickly save it for future viewing. In theory, it should "just work" if you drop it into your user's Library > Services folder. If you'd like to use this for yourself, or modify it to work with other download apps, feel free to download the service. Instead of granting permission (which I'm not even sure would work with a service versus an AppleScript app), I chose to use GUI scripting to actually select the Paste menu item, which is what that ugly code does in the final step. While this worked when I tested it in Automator, it didn't work when I saved the app-perhaps because AppleScripts need permission to send keystrokes. I tried sending it the Command-V keystroke, which is defined as a shortcut in its menus. The only tricky part was figuring out how tell 4K Video Downloader to paste the link, so it would start downloading. The Automator service itself is really basic: It works on the selected URL in Safari, copies it, launches (or switches to) 4K Video Downloader, pauses for a second to make sure the app is ready, and then pastes the URL, which is actually the only tricky bit. I created a new Service in Automator that sends URLs to 4K Video Downloader via the contextual menu in Safari's URL bar. But as I don't have the skills, I went looking for another solution, and I found one using Automator: If I had the skills, writing a basic extension like this for Safari should be pretty simple. It's not like it was a lot of work to copy a URL, switch to 4K Video Downloader, and paste, but it was just enough work to get annoying. There aren't many settings in VIDL, so I didn't see any obvious way to force it to get higher resolution versions 1 youtube-dl is supposed to get the highest-resolution version automatically, so I switched back to 4K Video Downloader…but I really missed the handy toolbar button. I tried those same URLs in 4K Video Downloader, and I was able to download the full HD versions. (Because it's based on the open source youtube-dl, VIDL supports a lot more sites than does 4K Video Downloader, which is also nice.)īut recently, I noticed that some of the videos I downloaded with VIDL were at 640x360 resolution, even though the source on YouTube was at least 1920x1080. When I see a video I want to keep, I click the VIDL toolbar button, and VIDL launches and downloads the video. On the Mac side, I had been using 4K Video Downloader, but recently found VIDL, which had one big advantage for me: It comes with a Safari toolbar icon. There are any number of tools out there that will do this for you, including web sites and Mac-specific apps. When I find things I enjoy watching on YouTube, sometimes I want to download them-because they may go away, or I may want to watch offline. 12/31/2023 0 Comments Transition metals reactivity![]() Looking for something specific in this course? The Resource Index compiles links to most course resources in a single page. Lecture 29: Transition Metals: Crystal Field Theory Part II For example, pure iron will react with water, and oxygen in the air, and will rust, but this process is slow compared to the reaction of some other elements. For example, the HgC bond of (MeHg) + cation is indefinitely stable in aqueous H 2 SO 4 solution in air. On the contrary the late transition metal organometallic compounds are much less reactive and stable. Lecture 28: Transition Metals: Crystal Field Theory Part I Similar high reactivity was also observed in case of the early transition metal organometallic compounds particularly of Ti and Zr. Lecture 27: Introduction to Transition Metals Lecture 26: Chemical and Biological Oxidations ![]() Lecture 25: Oxidation-Reduction and Electrochemical Cells By the end of the unit, viewers should be able to calculate electrochemical cell potentials, identity which compound is the better oxidizing agent, draw energy diagrams that explain why one cobalt compound is blue and another red, and explain how a chelator works to treat acute lead poisoning. Viewers can observe some of these special properties for themselves as spectacular color changes afforded by solutions of nickel and cobalt salts are demonstrated. Revisiting the concept of atomic orbitals, we discuss how the occupation of electrons in d-orbitals gives rise to the special properties of d-block metal-containing complexes. Whereas metals in group I and II of the periodic table are only oxidized by one and two electrons, respectively, transition (d-block) metals are capable of achieving multiple oxidation states. In Unit IV, we continue to consider chemical reactions but now focus on reactions that involve the loss (oxidation) and gain (reduction) of electrons. But along the period, the reactivity of the elements is not dependent on the oxidation state.Unit IV: Transition Metals & Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Note: The lanthanide contraction is seen in the 5d-series of the d-block elements, so the ionisation enthalpy as well as the reactivity of the elements of 3d is not affected by it.Īlso, the oxidation state of the 3d-series elements corresponds to the loss of electrons till Mn, but after that again the number of oxidation states decreases, with the decrease in the atomic size. Therefore, the reactivity of the transition elements decreases almost regularly from Sc to Cu because of option (B)- regular increase in ionisation enthalpy. As along the period, with the decrease in the atomic size, the electronegativity increases, so the enthalpy of hydration of the cation decreases, making the element unreactive. This increase in the ionisation enthalpy thus, leads to the decrease in the reactivity of the element. Thus, along the period the ionisation enthalpy increases. As more the nuclear charge, more the attraction of the electrons, and higher is the ionisation energy needed to form the ion. It is related to the force of attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. ![]() Then, the ionisation energy is the amount of energy required to remove the outermost electron from the orbit in the isolated gaseous state of the atom to form the ion. The elements from Scandium to Copper belong to the First transition series of the d-block, where with the increase in the atomic number, the nuclear charge increases, and the atomic radius decreases along the period. The energy to remove an electron required increases, which in turn determines the reactivity of the element. Hint: As along the period, the size decreases along with the increase in the electronegativity. |
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